苯氧化制顺酐的方法：
Method of benzene oxidation to maleic anhydride:
将苯与空气混合(苯为1%-1.4%)经换热器预热后，进人列管式催化反应器。在压力为0.1-0.2MPa、温度为350-400℃的反应条件下进行氧化反应，所得产物经两台换热器、一台冷却器后，冷却到接近露点(55―65℃)。冷却后的反应物进入分离器，分离器底部得粗顺酐，进入粗顺酐罐。分离器顶部流出物进人洗涤塔，用水洗涤，塔顶为多余空气和未反应的苯，苯可用吸附回收。洗涤塔塔底水溶液进人脱水器，分离出水，所得粗顺酐进人粗顺酐罐。粗顺酐进一步进人蒸馏塔进行蒸馏精制，得顺酐。所得山东顺酐可进行异构化得富马酸和苹果酸。
Benzene is mixed with air (benzene is 1%-1.4%) and preheated by heat exchanger before entering tubular catalytic reactor. The oxidation reaction is carried out under the reaction conditions of pressure 0.1-0.2mpa and temperature 350-400 ℃. The obtained product is cooled to close to the dew point (55-65 ℃) after passing through two heat exchangers and a cooler. The cooled reactant enters the separator, and the crude maleic anhydride at the bottom of the separator enters the crude maleic anhydride tank. The effluent from the top of the separator enters the washing tower and is washed with water. The top of the tower is excess air and unreacted benzene, which can be recovered by adsorption. The water solution at the bottom of the washing tower is sent to the dehydrator to separate the water, and the obtained crude maleic anhydride is sent to the crude maleic anhydride tank. Crude maleic anhydride is further put into the distillation tower for distillation and refining to obtain maleic anhydride. The obtained Shandong maleic anhydride can be isomerized to fumaric acid and malic acid.
顺酐有强烈刺激气味。溶于乙醇、乙醚和丙酮，难溶于石油醚和四氯化碳。与热水作用而成马来酸。用于双烯合成、制药物、农药、染料中间体及制聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂、马来酸等有机酸，也用作脂肪和油防腐剂等。由苯经催化氧化，或由丁烯或丁烷用空气氧化而制得。
Maleic anhydride has a strong pungent smell. Soluble in ethanol, ether and acetone, insoluble in petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. It reacts with hot water to form maleic acid. It is used in diene synthesis, drugs, pesticides, dye intermediates, polyester resin, alkyd resin, maleic acid and other organic acids, as well as fat and oil preservatives. It is prepared by catalytic oxidation of benzene or oxidation of butene or butane with air.
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