什么是顺酐法BDO？顺酐法BDO，顾名思义是以顺酐为原料制备BDO的工艺，其原料顺酐可由苯或者丁烷氧化制成。由于环境污染问题，国内苯法顺酐装置长期处于停产状态或者经过改造以丁烷氧化制顺酐，目前全球80%顺酐产能都采用固定床丁烷法，具有原料易得、污染小、产品收率高等特点。
What is maleic anhydride method BDO? The maleic anhydride method BDO, as the name suggests, is a process of preparing BDO from maleic anhydride, which can be made from benzene or butane oxidation. Due to the environmental pollution problem, the domestic benzene-based maleic anhydride plant has been shut down for a long time or has been transformed to produce maleic anhydride by butane oxidation. At present, 80% of the world's maleic anhydride production capacity adopts the fixed-bed butane process, which has the characteristics of easy access to raw materials, low pollution and high product yield.
顺酐生产厂家认为，顺酐法是根据顺酐加氢时的步骤不同可分为直接加氢法与间接加氢法，间接加氢法中根据加氢时的物料形态又可分为气相加氢法与液相加氢法。
The maleic anhydride manufacturer believes that the maleic anhydride method can be divided into direct hydrogenation method and indirect hydrogenation method according to the different steps of the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride, and the indirect hydrogenation method can be divided into gas phase hydrogenation method and liquid phase hydrogenation method according to the material form during the hydrogenation.
直接加氢与间接加氢
Direct hydrogenation and indirect hydrogenation
直接加氢法
Direct hydrogenation
顺酐直接加氢工艺能够同时生产不同比例的THF(四氢呋喃)、GBL(y-丁内酯)和BDO等系列产品，反应条件不同，其产品的相应组成也是不同的。
The direct hydrogenation process of maleic anhydride can simultaneously produce THF (tetrahydrofuran), GBL (y-butyrolactone), BDO and other series products in different proportions. The corresponding composition of the products is different with different reaction conditions.
酯化加氢法
Esterification hydrogenation method
加氢反应可以在气相或者是液相中进行，采用了铜系催化剂，主体反应的条件要比顺酐直接加氢工艺温和很多。由于顺酐加氢是强放热反应，直接加氢反应条件苛刻，控制难度高，目前还没有工业化运行装置，在运装置均采用的是间接法。
The hydrogenation reaction can be carried out in the gas phase or the liquid phase. The copper catalyst is used, and the main reaction conditions are much milder than the direct hydrogenation process of maleic anhydride. Because the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride is a strong exothermic reaction, the direct hydrogenation reaction conditions are harsh and difficult to control. At present, there is no industrial operation device, and the devices in operation are all indirect methods.
气相加氢与液相加氢
Gas phase hydrogenation and liquid phase hydrogenation
两者化学反应方程式是一致的，区别在于加氢单元马来酸二甲酯是在气相还是在液相条件下反应。
The chemical reaction equations of the two are the same. The difference is that the hydrogenation unit dimethyl maleate reacts in the gas phase or in the liquid phase.
气相加氢顺酐法，是在进行加氢反应时，将所有的物料先气化为气相，再与氢气（同样为气相）反应，很终制得BDO，并副产少量THF（根据需要也可以副产少量GBL）。
The gas-phase hydrogenation maleic anhydride method is to gasify all materials into the gas phase and then react with hydrogen (also gas phase) during the hydrogenation reaction, and finally produce BDO with a small amount of THF (a small amount of GBL can also be produced as required).
液相加氢顺酐法，则不需要进化步骤，而是直接将液相的物料与氢气（气相）反应制BDO，因此该方法又可称为混合相加氢顺酐法。
The liquid-phase hydrogenation maleic anhydride method does not require gasification, but directly reacts the liquid-phase materials with hydrogen (gas phase) to produce BDO. Therefore, this method can also be called the mixed-phase hydrogenation maleic anhydride method.
顺酐法制BDO的原料之一正丁烷，其主要来源一是大型炼化装置石油裂解的C4馏分分离得到的副产品(如惠州宇新依托中海壳牌和惠州石化的混合C4分离提纯得到BDO生产的原料正丁烷);二是油田气和湿天然气、LPG(液化石油气)的进口商，国内顺酐法制BDO企业主要分布的沿海地区，可以依托石油炼化企业或港口获得原料正丁烷。
One of the raw materials for the production of BDO from maleic anhydride is n-butane, which is mainly derived from the by-product of C4 fraction separation of petroleum cracking in large refining and chemical plants (such as the raw material of BDO production from Huizhou Yuxin relying on the mixed C4 separation and purification of CNOOC Shell and Huizhou Petrochemical); The second is the importer of oil field gas, wet natural gas and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). Domestic maleic anhydride BDO enterprises are mainly distributed in coastal areas, and can rely on petroleum refining enterprises or ports to obtain raw material n-butane.
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