Safety production and dangerous problems of maleic anhydride

近年来，我国顺酐行业得到了快速发展，很多大型顺酐装置相序建成投产，其中很多生产企业为顺酐行业的新进入者，对于顺酐生产中的缺乏足够的经验和应对措施，近期发生的多起事故，已经为我们敲起了警钟，顺酐生产中的问题一定要引起高度重视。

In recent years, China's maleic anhydride industry has developed rapidly. Many large-scale maleic anhydride plants have been built and put into operation. Many of them are new entrants to the maleic anhydride industry. They lack sufficient experience and Countermeasures for the safety in maleic anhydride production. Recently, many safety accidents have sounded an alarm for us. The safety problems in maleic anhydride production must cause great concern See.

顺酐生产过程中的问题

Safety problems in maleic anhydride production

由于顺酐生产中使用的原料为纯苯和二甲苯,按照危险品生产的火灾危险性分类标准(GBJ 16-87)，这些原料都是属于、甲类、易燃、易爆的危险品物质。同时按照职业及劳动卫生保护规定和美国职业及保健条例(OSHA)规定，苯和二甲苯亦属于有毒、有害物质。由于马来酐本身的特殊物理和化学性质，以及生产过程中还存在着强腐蚀、高温、高压等环境，所以问题对顺酐生产单位尤为重要。

As the raw materials used in maleic anhydride production are pure benzene and xylene, according to the national fire risk classification standard for dangerous goods production (GBJ 16-87), these raw materials belong to class A, class A, flammable and explosive dangerous goods. At the same time, according to China's occupational safety and labor health protection regulations and OSHA regulations, benzene and xylene are also toxic and harmful substances. Due to the special physical and chemical properties of maleic anhydride itself, and the strong corrosion, high temperature, high pressure and other environment in the production process, the safety problem is particularly important for maleic anhydride production units.

在使用纯苯和二甲苯危险品物质做生产原料方面，由于有严格、明确的标准、规范和规定，因此顺酐行业各生产单位还都是非常重视和严格地按标准、规定和规范执行的，所以在顺酐苯氧化生产过程中发生爆炸和火灾事故的概率和案例很少

In the use of pure benzene and xylene dangerous goods as raw materials, because the country has strict and clear standards, specifications and regulations, the production units of maleic anhydride industry also attach great importance to and strictly implement the standards, regulations and specifications, so the probability and cases of explosion and fire accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride benzene oxidation are very few

近十余年中，随着万吨级顺酐生产技术的国产化，顺酐的生产单位越来越多，顺酐生产装置的规模越来越大，因此顺酐生产过程的危险性也越来越大。从1990年以来到现在的十余年中，因为顺酐脱水精制生产过程和设备维修改造过程中的各种事故已经发生多起，今已经造成死亡七人、致伤致残数人和几套生产装置报废的恶性事故结果。可以说我国开创了世界马来酐生产史上造成人员伤亡恶性事故数量的“先河”，所以必须高度重视顺酐生产过程中的问题。

In the past ten years, with the localization of ten thousand ton maleic anhydride production technology, more and more maleic anhydride production units and the scale of maleic anhydride production units are growing, so the risk of maleic anhydride production process is also growing. From 1990 to now, there have been many accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride dehydration and refining and in the process of equipment maintenance and transformation. So far, seven people have died, several people have been injured and disabled, and several production units have been scrapped. It can be said that China has created a "precedent" in the history of maleic anhydride production in the world, which caused a number of fatal accidents, so we must attach great importance to the safety problems in maleic anhydride production process.